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强调

简介

强调(Emphasis)是通过 语法手段 突出句中某一成分,使其在语义上更为突出的修辞结构。

英语强调主要通过以下方式实现:

  • 强调句型(it 分裂句)
  • 助动词 do 强调
  • 强调词修饰
  • 倒装结构
  • 重复

强调句型

强调句型(Cleft Sentence),又称 it 分裂句,用 it is/was...that... 结构突出主语、宾语、状语等。

基本句型:

It is/was+被强调成分焦点+that/who+其余部分从句\text{It is/was}+\underbrace{\text{被强调成分}}_{\text{焦点}}+\text{that/who}+\underbrace{\text{其余部分}}_{\text{从句}}

可强调的成分

  • 主语
  • 宾语
  • 状语(时间、地点、原因、方式等)
Example
  • Tom met Lily in the park yesterday.(Tom 昨天在公园遇见了 Lily。)
  • \to It was Tom that/who met Lily in the park yesterday.(昨天在公园遇见 Lily 的是 Tom。)(强调主语)
  • \to It was Lily that/whom Tom met in the park yesterday.(Tom 昨天在公园遇见的是 Lily。)(强调宾语)
  • \to It was in the park that Tom met Lily yesterday.(Tom 昨天是在公园遇见 Lily 的。)(强调地点)
  • \to It was yesterday that Tom met Lily in the park.(Tom 是昨天在公园遇见 Lily 的。)(强调时间)
提示

强调句型 不能强调 谓语动词;强调谓语用 do/does/did 结构。

时态选择

it isit was 的选择由 原句时态 决定:

  • 原句为 过去时态 \to It was...that...
  • 原句为 现在 / 将来时态 \to It is...that...
Example
  • I met him yesterday. \to It was yesterday that I met him.(我是昨天遇见他的。)
  • I meet him every day. \to It is every day that I meet him.(我是每天都遇见他的。)

引导词 that 与 who

被强调成分引导词
人为主语that 或 who
人为宾语that, whom, who
物 / 状语that
Example
  • It was Tom who broke the window.(打破窗户的是 Tom。)(主语为人)
  • It was the window that Tom broke.(Tom 打破的是那扇窗户。)(宾语为物)

强调句的疑问形式

一般疑问句

is/was 提到句首。

Example
  • Was it Tom that broke the window?(是 Tom 打破窗户的吗?)

特殊疑问句

疑问词 置于句首,构造 疑问词 + is/was + it + that + ...

Example
  • Who was it that broke the window?(是谁打破了窗户?)
  • When was it that you met him?(你是什么时候遇见他的?)
  • Where is it that you live?(你到底住在哪里?)

强调句 vs. 主语从句

类型特征示例
强调句去掉 it is...that 仍为完整句It is Tom that broke it.(是 Tom 打破的。)(Tom broke it. ✓)
主语从句去掉 it is...that 不构成完整句It is true that he came.(他来了,这是真的。)(True he came. ✗)
提示

判断方法:将 it is/was 和 that 同时删去,若剩余部分仍为 完整句,则为强调句;否则为主语从句。

助动词 do 强调

肯定句 中,将 do / does / did 置于实义动词前,强调谓语。

时态形式示例
一般现在do/does + 动词原形I do love you. / She does know it.(我真的爱你。/她确实知道。)
一般过去did + 动词原形He did come yesterday.(他昨天确实来了。)
祈使句do + 动词原形Do sit down.(请务必坐下。)
提示
  • 实义动词必须用 原形
  • 仅用于 肯定句,不用于否定句、疑问句、含其他助动词的句子。
Example
  • I do know him.(我确实认识他。)
  • She does love music.(她确实喜欢音乐。)
  • He did finish the work.(他确实完成了工作。)

强调词

某些副词或形容词可置于被强调成分前,增强语气。

强调代词

反身代词(myself, yourself, …)作 同位语 时强调主语或宾语。

Example
  • I myself saw it.(我亲眼看见的。)
  • The teacher himself corrected the papers.(老师亲自批改了试卷。)

强调副词

副词语义示例
indeed确实He is indeed kind.(他确实很友善。)
really真的I really love this song.(我真的很喜欢这首歌。)
truly确实She is truly talented.(她确实很有天赋。)
absolutely / completely / totally完全、绝对I'm absolutely sure.(我完全确定。)
very修饰最高级/同类This is the very best.(这是最好的。)

the very + 名词

the very + 名词 表示 「正是这个」

Example
  • This is the very book I want.(这正是我想要的书。)
  • He is the very man we are looking for.(他正是我们要找的人。)

疑问词 + ever / on earth / in the world

强调疑问语气。

Example
  • Whatever are you doing?(你到底在做什么?)
  • Why on earth did he leave?(他究竟为什么离开?)
  • Where in the world have you been?(你到底去哪儿了?)

倒装强调

否定副词only + 状语 置于句首构成 部分倒装(详见 倒装)。

Example
  • Never have I seen such a sight.(我从未见过这样的景象。)
  • Only by working hard can we succeed.(只有努力我们才能成功。)
  • Not until he arrived did we begin.(直到他到场我们才开始。)

重复强调

通过 词的重复 加强语气。

Example
  • He tried again and again.(他一次又一次地尝试。)
  • The pain grew worse and worse.(疼痛越来越剧烈。)

易错点

强调句不可强调谓语

强调谓语动词必须用 do/does/did,不能用 it is...that...

Example
  • I do love you.(我确实爱你。)(强调谓语 love,不能用 it is...that... 句型)

强调主语时主谓一致

强调主语时,that 从句 的谓语应与 被强调主语 保持一致(详见 主谓一致)。

Example
  • It is I who am to blame.(该受责备的是我。)(被强调主语 I)
  • It is they who are wrong.(错的是他们。)

do + 动词原形

do 强调结构中,动词必须用 原形,不可用过去式或第三人称单数。

Example
  • He did go.(他确实去了。)He did went.
  • She does know.(她确实知道。)She does knows.

思维导图