连词
简介
连词（Conjunction）是连接词、短语、从句或句子的虚词，本身不充当句子成分。
按语法功能可分为 类：并列连词、从属连词、关联连词。
并列连词
并列连词（Coordinating Conjunction）连接 语法地位相同 的成分。
常见并列连词可用 FANBOYS 记忆：
| 连词 | 语义 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| for | 原因 | He stayed home, for he was tired. |
| and | 并列 | I like tea and coffee. |
| nor | 否定 | He doesn't smoke, nor does he drink. |
| but | 转折 | She is young but wise. |
| or | 选择 | Is it black or white? |
| yet | 让步转折 | The plan is simple, yet effective. |
| so | 结果 | It rained, so we stayed inside. |
提示
并列连词连接 个独立句子时，应在连词前加 逗号。
并列连词不应放在句首（正式书面语规范），但口语中可见。
并列连词的省略
并列 项及以上时，通常只在最后两项之间用连词。
Example
- I bought pens, books, and erasers.
从属连词
从属连词（Subordinating Conjunction）连接 从句 与 主句，引导出 从属关系。
引导的从句通常为 状语从句，少数引导 名词性从句。
按语义可分为以下几类：
| 类型 | 常见连词 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| 时间 | when, while, as, before, after, since, until, once | I called him when I arrived. |
| 地点 | where, wherever | Sit wherever you like. |
| 原因 | because, since, as, now that | She stayed because it was raining. |
| 目的 | so that, in order that, lest | Speak loudly so that all can hear. |
| 结果 | so...that, such...that | He was so tired that he fell asleep. |
| 条件 | if, unless, provided that, as long as | I'll go if you come. |
| 让步 | though, although, even though, while, whereas | Though tired, she kept working. |
| 方式 | as, as if, as though | He acts as if he were the boss. |
| 比较 | than, as...as | He is taller than I am. |
提示
英语中 「虽然」和「但是」不能同时出现 在同一句中。
中文「虽然……但是……」结构在英语中只保留 一个：either although or but，不能两个都用。
Example
- Although he is rich, he is unhappy.
Although he is rich, but he is unhappy.
引导名词性从句的从属连词
某些从属连词引导 名词性从句（详见 从句）。
| 连词 | 作用 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| that | 引导陈述意义的名词从句 | I know that he is right. |
| whether/if | 引导疑问意义的名词从句 | I wonder whether she will come. |
关联连词
关联连词（Correlative Conjunction）是 成对 出现的连词，连接对等成分。
| 关联连词 | 语义 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| both...and | 两者都 | Both Tom and Jerry are tired. |
| not only...but also | 不仅……而且 | Not only he but also I am wrong. |
| either...or | 二者择一 | Either you or he is wrong. |
| neither...nor | 两者都不 | Neither you nor he is right. |
| whether...or | 是否…… | Whether you agree or not, I will go. |
| as...as | 和……一样 | She is as smart as her brother. |
| no sooner...than | 一……就…… | No sooner had he arrived than it began to rain. |
| hardly/scarcely...when | 一……就…… | Hardly had I sat down when the phone rang. |
提示
关联连词 连接的两个成分应保持 对等结构（平行结构）。
Example
- He is not only smart but also diligent. (形 形)
- She either sings or dances. (动 动)
关联连词的主谓一致
either...or、neither...nor、not only...but also 连接 两个主语 时，就近原则：谓语动词与 靠近 的主语保持一致（详见 主谓一致）。
Example
- Either you or he is wrong.
- Neither Tom nor his friends are here.