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连词

简介

连词(Conjunction)是连接词、短语、从句或句子的虚词,本身不充当句子成分。

按语法功能可分为 3 类:并列连词从属连词关联连词

并列连词

并列连词(Coordinating Conjunction)连接 语法地位相同 的成分。

常见并列连词可用 FANBOYS 记忆:

连词语义示例
for原因He stayed home, for he was tired.(他待在家里,因为他累了。)
and并列I like tea and coffee.(我喜欢茶和咖啡。)
nor否定He doesn't smoke, nor does he drink.(他不抽烟,也不喝酒。)
but转折She is young but wise.(她虽然年轻,但很睿智。)
or选择Is it black or white?(它是黑色还是白色?)
yet让步转折The plan is simple, yet effective.(这个方案很简单,却很有效。)
so结果It rained, so we stayed inside.(下雨了,所以我们待在了室内。)
提示

并列连词连接 2 个独立句子时,应在连词前加 逗号

并列连词不应放在句首(正式书面语规范),但口语中可见。

并列连词的省略

并列 3 项及以上时,通常只在最后两项之间用连词。

Example
  • I bought pens, books, and erasers.(我买了钢笔、书和橡皮。)

从属连词

从属连词(Subordinating Conjunction)连接 从句主句,引导出 从属关系

引导的从句通常为 状语从句,少数引导 名词性从句

按语义可分为以下几类:

类型常见连词示例
时间when, while, as, before, after, since, until, onceI called him when I arrived.(我到达时给他打了电话。)
地点where, whereverSit wherever you like.(你想坐哪儿就坐哪儿。)
原因because, since, as, now thatShe stayed because it was raining.(她留下来了,因为在下雨。)
目的so that, in order that, lestSpeak loudly so that all can hear.(大声说,这样所有人都能听见。)
结果so...that, such...thatHe was so tired that he fell asleep.(他太累了,以至于睡着了。)
条件if, unless, provided that, as long asI'll go if you come.(你来的话我就去。)
让步though, although, even though, while, whereasThough tired, she kept working.(尽管很累,她仍继续工作。)
方式as, as if, as thoughHe acts as if he were the boss.(他表现得好像自己是老板。)
比较than, as...asHe is taller than I am.(他比我高。)
提示

英语中 「虽然」和「但是」不能同时出现 在同一句中。

中文「虽然……但是……」结构在英语中只保留 一个:either although or but,不能两个都用。

Example
  • Although he is rich, he is unhappy.(虽然他很富有,但并不快乐。) Although he is rich, but he is unhappy.

引导名词性从句的从属连词

某些从属连词引导 名词性从句(详见 从句)。

连词作用示例
that引导陈述意义的名词从句I know that he is right.(我知道他是对的。)
whether/if引导疑问意义的名词从句I wonder whether she will come.(我想知道她是否会来。)

关联连词

关联连词(Correlative Conjunction)是 成对 出现的连词,连接对等成分。

关联连词语义示例
both...and两者都Both Tom and Jerry are tired.(Tom 和 Jerry 都累了。)
not only...but also不仅……而且Not only he but also I am wrong.(不仅他错了,我也错了。)
either...or二者择一Either you or he is wrong.(不是你错就是他错。)
neither...nor两者都不Neither you nor he is right.(你和他都不对。)
whether...or是否……Whether you agree or not, I will go.(无论你同不同意,我都会去。)
as...as和……一样She is as smart as her brother.(她和她哥哥一样聪明。)
no sooner...than一……就……No sooner had he arrived than it began to rain.(他刚一到就开始下雨了。)
hardly/scarcely...when一……就……Hardly had I sat down when the phone rang.(我刚坐下电话就响了。)
提示

关联连词 连接的两个成分应保持 对等结构(平行结构)。

Example
  • He is not only smart but also diligent.(他不仅聪明,而且勤奋。)(形 ++ 形)
  • She either sings or dances.(她要么唱歌,要么跳舞。)(动 ++ 动)

关联连词的主谓一致

either...orneither...nornot only...but also 连接 两个主语 时,就近原则:谓语动词与 靠近 的主语保持一致(详见 主谓一致)。

Example
  • Either you or he is wrong.(不是你错就是他错。)
  • Neither Tom nor his friends are here.(Tom 和他的朋友们都不在这里。)

思维导图