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系动词

简介

系动词(Linking Verb),又称 连系动词,用于连接 主语主语补语(表语),表示主语的 状态性质特征变化

系动词 本身意义不完整,必须与表语共同构成谓语。

The sky主语is系动词 blue谓语.\underbrace{\text{The sky}}_{\text{主语}} \underbrace{\overbrace{\text{is}}^{\text{系动词}}\text{ blue}}_{\text{谓语}} \text{.}

基本句型

系动词的句型为:

主语+系动词+表语\text{主语} + \text{系动词} + \text{表语}

表语 可以是 名词形容词代词数词介词短语非谓语动词从句

Example
  • She is a teacher. (名词)
  • He looks tired. (形容词)
  • The book is mine. (代词)
  • The price is fifty dollars. (数词)
  • He is in the room. (介词短语)
  • His hobby is collecting stamps. (动名词)
  • The truth is that he lied. (表语从句)

分类

按语义可分为 55 类。

状态系动词

表示主语 保持某种状态,最常见的是 be

系动词示例
beShe is happy.

持续系动词

表示主语 持续保持某种状态

系动词示例
keepHe keeps silent.
remainShe remains calm.
stayPlease stay still.
continueThe weather continues fine.

变化系动词

表示主语 从一种状态变为另一种状态

系动词示例
becomeHe became a doctor.
getIt is getting cold.
growShe grew angry.
turnThe leaves turned yellow.
goThe milk went bad.
comeHis dreams came true.
fallHe fell asleep.
runThe river ran dry.
tip

变化系动词在搭配上有细微差异:

  • become 用法最广,可接名词、形容词。
  • get 多用于口语,强调过程。
  • turn 多用于颜色、季节等渐进变化。
  • go 通常接 负面 状态(bad, mad, blind)。
  • come 通常接 正面 状态(true, alive)。

表象系动词

表示主语 看起来像显得

系动词示例
seemShe seems tired.
appearHe appears confident.
lookYou look great today.
tip

seem 强调主观推测,appear 强调客观显现,look 强调视觉印象。

感官系动词

表示通过 五官 感知主语的特征。

系动词示例
lookThe cake looks delicious.
soundThe music sounds beautiful.
smellThe flower smells sweet.
tasteThe soup tastes salty.
feelThe silk feels soft.

易错点

系动词后接形容词

系动词后接 形容词(作表语),不接 副词

Example
  • She looks beautiful. She looks beautifully.
  • The music sounds nice. The music sounds nicely.

区分实义动词与系动词

部分动词既可作 实义动词,又可作 系动词,需根据语义判断。

Example
  • She looked at me. (实义动词,「看」)
  • She looked tired. (系动词,「显得」)
  • 副词介词短语 \to 实义动词。
  • 形容词 \to 系动词。

被动语态

系动词 没有被动语态,因为系动词不带 宾语(详见 被动)。

思维导图