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强调

简介​

强调（Emphasis）是通过 语法手段 突出句中某一成分，使其在语义上更为突出的修辞结构。

英语强调主要通过以下方式实现：

  • 强调句型（it 分裂句）
  • 助动词 do 强调
  • 强调词修饰
  • 倒装结构
  • 重复

强调句型​

强调句型（Cleft Sentence），又称 it 分裂句，用 it is/was...that... 结构突出主语、宾语、状语等。

基本句型：

It is/was+被强调成分⏟焦点+that/who+其余部分⏟从句\text{It is/was} + \underbrace{\text{被强调成分}}_{\text{焦点}} + \text{that/who} + \underbrace{\text{其余部分}}_{\text{从句}}

可强调的成分​

  • 主语
  • 宾语
  • 状语（时间、地点、原因、方式等）
Example
  • Tom met Lily in the park yesterday.
  • →\to It was Tom that/who met Lily in the park yesterday. (强调主语)
  • →\to It was Lily that/whom Tom met in the park yesterday. (强调宾语)
  • →\to It was in the park that Tom met Lily yesterday. (强调地点)
  • →\to It was yesterday that Tom met Lily in the park. (强调时间)
tip

强调句型 不能强调 谓语动词；强调谓语用 do/does/did 结构。

时态选择​

it is 与 it was 的选择由 原句时态 决定：

  • 原句为 过去时态 →\to It was...that...
  • 原句为 现在 / 将来时态 →\to It is...that...
Example
  • I met him yesterday. →\to It was yesterday that I met him.
  • I meet him every day. →\to It is every day that I meet him.

引导词 that 与 who​

被强调成分引导词
人为主语that 或 who
人为宾语that, whom, who
物 / 状语that
Example
  • It was Tom who broke the window. (主语为人)
  • It was the window that Tom broke. (宾语为物)

强调句的疑问形式​

一般疑问句​

将 is/was 提到句首。

Example
  • Was it Tom that broke the window?

特殊疑问句​

将 疑问词 置于句首，构造 疑问词 + is/was + it + that + ...。

Example
  • Who was it that broke the window?
  • When was it that you met him?
  • Where is it that you live?

强调句 vs. 主语从句​

类型特征示例
强调句去掉 it is...that 仍为完整句It is Tom that broke it.（Tom broke it. ✓）
主语从句去掉 it is...that 不构成完整句It is true that he came.（True he came. ✗）
tip

判断方法：将 it is/was 和 that 同时删去，若剩余部分仍为 完整句，则为强调句；否则为主语从句。

助动词 do 强调​

在 肯定句 中，将 do / does / did 置于实义动词前，强调谓语。

时态形式示例
一般现在do/does + 动词原形I do love you. / She does know it.
一般过去did + 动词原形He did come yesterday.
祈使句do + 动词原形Do sit down.
tip
  • 实义动词必须用 原形。
  • 仅用于 肯定句，不用于否定句、疑问句、含其他助动词的句子。
Example
  • I do know him.（确实认识）
  • She does love music.（确实喜欢）
  • He did finish the work.（确实完成了）

强调词​

某些副词或形容词可置于被强调成分前，增强语气。

强调代词​

自身代词（myself, yourself, …）作 同位语 时强调主语或宾语。

Example
  • I myself saw it.
  • The teacher himself corrected the papers.

强调副词​

副词语义示例
indeed确实He is indeed kind.
really真的I really love this song.
truly确实She is truly talented.
absolutely / completely / totally完全、绝对I'm absolutely sure.
very修饰最高级/同类This is the very best.

the very + 名词​

the very + 名词 表示 「正是这个」。

Example
  • This is the very book I want.
  • He is the very man we are looking for.

疑问词 + ever / on earth / in the world​

强调疑问语气。

Example
  • Whatever are you doing?
  • Why on earth did he leave?
  • Where in the world have you been?

倒装强调​

将 否定副词 或 only + 状语 置于句首构成 部分倒装（详见 倒装）。

Example
  • Never have I seen such a sight.
  • Only by working hard can we succeed.
  • Not until he arrived did we begin.

重复强调​

通过 词的重复 加强语气。

Example
  • He tried again and again.
  • The pain grew worse and worse.

易错点​

强调句不可强调谓语​

强调谓语动词必须用 do/does/did，不能用 it is...that...。

Example
  • I do love you. It is love that I you.

强调主语时主谓一致​

强调主语时，that 从句 的谓语应与 被强调主语 保持一致（详见 主谓一致）。

Example
  • It is I who am to blame. (被强调主语 I)
  • It is they who are wrong.

do + 动词原形​

do 强调结构中，动词必须用 原形，不可用过去式或第三人称单数。

Example
  • He did go. He did went.
  • She does know. She does knows.

思维导图​